MOZAMBIQUE | An Emerging Islamist Insurgency?

The Islamist insurgency in Mozambique is widely regarded as a growing threat to peace and security in Southern Africa. In June 2021, the Southern African Development Community (SADC) authorised a military mission to Cabo Delgado in northern Mozambique, which is in the midst of fighting a brutal insurgency against a local affiliate of Islamic State. Soon afterward, the European Union also approved a military training mission (EUTM). But while the Islamic insurgency in Mozambique is widely seen to be a worrying new front in the International battle against religious extremism - Islamic State's first foray into Southern Africa - behind it lies a more familiar issue of poverty, marginalisation, corruption and the the exploitation of natural resources.

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Mozambique has had a long and difficult history. In the 1960s it fought a campaign to end Portugal's colonial rule. However, just two years after becoming independence, in 1975, it was plunged into a civil war when the Marxist FRELIMO government was challenged by RENAMO guerillas. When this conflict came to an end in 1992, there was hope that the country would develop. Such hopes were raised when, in 2010, natural gas was discovered off the country's northern coast. However, hopes of exploiting this have been challenged by an Islamist insurgency by a local group, Al-Shabab, which is affiliated to Islamic State. This extremely brutal conflict, which began in October 2017, has now prompted energy companies, including the French energy giant TOTAL to rethink their engagement in the country, which in turn has prompted the SADC and EU to intervene. However, solving the issue will require more than military solutions.

CHAPTERS
0:00 Introduction and Titles
0:33 The International Battle against Islamic Extremism
1:21 The Background to Mozambique
2:23 Independence and Civil War of Mozambique
4:13 The Emergence of the Islamic Insurgency in Mozambique
6:20 Mozambique Attempts to Fight the Islamic Insurgency
8:02 International Intervention against the Insurgency in Mozambique
9:35 The Difficult Economic and Military Battle in Mozambique

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FURTHER READING & USEFUL SOURCES

Mozambique Conflict Observatory https://www.caboligado.com
Mozambique Peace Agreement (1992) https://peaceaccords.nd.edu/accord/general-peace-agreement-for-mozambique
EU Training Mission to Mozambique https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2021/07/12/mozambique-eu-launches-a-military-training-mission-to-help-address-the-crisis-in-cabo-delgado/
A Short History of Mozambique https://amzn.to/36WsCDb
Former Guerrillas in Mozambique https://amzn.to/3x5wDQd

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KEYWORDS

#Mozambique #Insurgency #Africa
#InternationalPolitics #CurrentAffairs #InternationalRelations

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