ARMED REPRISALS IN ITALY: German Interpretation of International Law in World War II Part 3

A video discussing German interpretation of international law during World War II. Germany considered the armed reprisal to be an appropriate means of dealing with civilian populations, under their interpretation of international law. This video examines the experiences of the 65th Infantry Division in detail, against the backdrop of Germany's complicated relationship with Italy during the war. 0:00 Intro 02:22 Italians as Allies 06:03 CASE AXIS 08:21 Southern Italy 11:08 The War Changes 13:01 Anti-Partisan Operations by the Hand Grenade Division 16:25 The War on Civilians 23:21 The End of the Partisan War 24:57 Kesselring's Trial 27:55 The Hostages Trial 30:08 The German View 33:03 Conclusion 35:33 End Credits The following references were used in part in researching this video: Albrecht, A.R. "War Reprisals in the War Crimes Trials and in the Geneva Conventions of 1949" Battistelli, Pier Paolo and Piero Crociani "World War II Partisan Warfare in Italy" Osprey Publishing Ltd, Botley, Oxford, UK, 2015. ISBN 978-1-4728-0893-6 Dorosh, Michael A. "Indescribable Ordeal: The History of the German 65th Infantry Division 1942-45" (handgrenadedivision.com, 2021) ISBN 978-1-6780-7776-1 Neitzel, Sönke and Harald Welzer (Translated by Jefferson Chase) "Soldaten: On Fighting, Killing and Dying" S. Fischer Verlag GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, 2011 ISBN 978-0-7710-5105-0 Rosen, Tove (ed.). The Influence of the Nuremberg Trial on International Criminal Law (accessed online at https://www.roberthjackson.org/speech-and-writing/the-influence-of-the-nuremberg-trial-on-international-criminal-law/ ) Velten, Wilhelm. "Vom Kugelbaum zur Handgranate - Der Weg der 65. Infanterie-Division" Kurt-Vowinckel-Verlag, Neckargemünd 1974 Wette, Wolfram (translated by Deborah Lucas Schneider), "The Wehrmacht" (Harvard University Press, 2009) ISBN 978-0-6740-4511-8 Worrall, Richard. "The Italian Blitz 1940-43: Bomber Command's War Against Mussolini's Cities, Docks and Factories" Osprey Publishing Ltd., Botley, Oxford, UK, 2020 ISBN 9-781-4728-4145-2 Law Reports of Trials of war Criminals: Selected and Prepared by the United Nations War Crimes Commission, Volume VIII (UN War Crimes Commission, printed by His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1949) (accessed online at https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/Hostages-Trial.pdf ) Music Arcadia Arid Foothills Ave Marimba Crowd Hammer Journey to Ascend Legend of One Mystery Oppressive Gloom Resignation Second Coming Serpentine Trek Sudden Defeat Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Motion Picture Footage Massacre in Rome Compagnia Cinemetagrafica Champion 1973 The Eagle Has Landed ITC Entertainment 1977 Miracle at St. Anna Touchstone Pictures 2008 Image of the Ardeatine Caves Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 4.0 International License More information on the German Army in general, and the 65th Infantry Division in particular, can be found at www.handgrenadedivision.com